Laravel Routing
Complete Guide in Hindi

routes/web.php ← Browser routes (session, CSRF)
routes/api.php ← API routes (/api/... prefix, stateless)
routes/console.php← Artisan command routes

// web.php — यही सबसे ज़्यादा use होता है
<?php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use App\Http\Controllers\ProductController;

Route::get("/", function() {
  return view("welcome");
});
?>

<?php
// GET — Data पढ़ना, page show करना
Route::get("/products", function() {
  return "All products";
});

// POST — Data create करना (form submit)
Route::post("/products", function() {
  return "Create product";
});

// PUT — Data पूरा update करना
Route::put("/products/{id}", function(int $id) {
  return "Update product $id";
});

// PATCH — Data partially update करना
Route::patch("/products/{id}", function(int $id) {
  return "Patch product $id";
});

// DELETE — Data delete करना
Route::delete("/products/{id}", function(int $id) {
  return "Delete product $id";
});

// Multiple methods एक route पर
Route::match(["get", "post"], "/contact", function() {
  return "Contact page";
});

// कोई भी method accept करो
Route::any("/webhook", function() {
  return "Webhook received";
});
?>

<?php
use App\Http\Controllers\ProductController;

// Closure की जगह Controller use करो
Route::get("/products", [ProductController::class, "index"]);
Route::get("/products/{id}", [ProductController::class, "show"]);
Route::post("/products", [ProductController::class, "store"]);
Route::put("/products/{id}", [ProductController::class, "update"]);
Route::delete("/products/{id}",[ProductController::class, "destroy"]);
?>

<?php
// Single parameter
Route::get("/users/{id}", function(int $id) {
  return "User ID: $id";
});
// /users/42 → "User ID: 42"

// Multiple parameters
Route::get("/users/{userId}/posts/{postId}", function(int $userId, int $postId) {
  return "User $userId का Post $postId";
});
// /users/1/posts/5 → "User 1 का Post 5"

// String parameter — slug
Route::get("/blog/{slug}", function(string $slug) {
  return "Blog post: $slug";
});
// /blog/laravel-tutorial → "Blog post: laravel-tutorial"
?>

<?php
// {page?} — optional, ? लगाओ + default value दो
Route::get("/products/{category?}", function(string $category = "all") {
  return "Category: $category";
});
// /products → "Category: all"
// /products/mobile → "Category: mobile"

// Pagination example
Route::get("/blog/{page?}", function(int $page = 1) {
  return "Blog page: $page";
});
// /blog → "Blog page: 1"
// /blog/3 → "Blog page: 3"
?>

<?php
// Numeric only
Route::get("/users/{id}", function(int $id) {
  return "User $id";
})->where("id", "[0-9]+"); // /users/abc → 404

// Alpha only
Route::get("/users/{name}", function(string $name) {
  return "User $name";
})->where("name", "[a-zA-Z]+");

// Multiple constraints
Route::get("/posts/{id}/{slug}", function(int $id, string $slug) {
  return "Post $id: $slug";
})->where([
  "id" => "[0-9]+",
  "slug" => "[a-z0-9-]+",
]);

// Helper constraints — shorthand
Route::get("/users/{id}", function(int $id) {})->whereNumber("id");
Route::get("/posts/{slug}", function(string $slug) {})->whereAlphaNumeric("slug");
Route::get("/users/{uuid}", function(string $uuid) {})->whereUuid("uuid");
?>

<?php
// Route को name दो — ->name()
Route::get("/products", [ProductController::class, "index"])->name("products.index");
Route::get("/products/{id}", [ProductController::class, "show"])->name("products.show");
Route::get("/products/create", [ProductController::class, "create"])->name("products.create");
Route::post("/products", [ProductController::class, "store"])->name("products.store");

// PHP में use करना
// Simple URL
$url = route("products.index"); // /products
// Parameter के साथ
$url = route("products.show", ["id" => 42]); // /products/42
// Short form
$url = route("products.show", 42); // /products/42

// Redirect करना
return redirect()->route("products.index");
return to_route("products.show", $product); // Laravel 9+

// Current route check
if (request()->routeIs("products.*")) {
  // Products routes पर हैं
}
?>

<?php
// Prefix — /admin/... सब routes
Route::prefix("admin")->group(function() {
  Route::get("/dashboard", [AdminController::class, "dashboard"]); // /admin/dashboard
  Route::get("/users", [AdminController::class, "users"]); // /admin/users
  Route::get("/settings", [AdminController::class, "settings"]); // /admin/settings
});

// Middleware group
Route::middleware(["auth", "verified"])->group(function() {
  Route::get("/dashboard", [DashboardController::class, "index"]);
  Route::get("/profile", [ProfileController::class, "show"]);
  Route::get("/orders", [OrderController::class, "index"]);
});

// Name prefix
Route::name("admin.")->group(function() {
  Route::get("/admin/dashboard", [AdminController::class, "index"])->name("dashboard");
  // route("admin.dashboard") से access
});

// Chained — prefix + middleware + name एक साथ
Route::prefix("admin")
    ->middleware(["auth", "admin"])
    ->name("admin.")
    ->group(function() {
      Route::get("/dashboard", [AdminController::class, "index"])->name("dashboard");
      Route::get("/users", [UserController::class, "index"])->name("users");
    // route("admin.dashboard") → /admin/dashboard
    // route("admin.users") → /admin/users
    });
?>

<?php
// auth — Login check
Route::get("/dashboard", [DashboardController::class, "index"])
     ->middleware("auth");

// Multiple middleware
Route::get("/admin", [AdminController::class, "index"])
     ->middleware(["auth", "verified", "admin"]);

// Guest only — login page (already logged in तो redirect)
Route::get("/login", [AuthController::class, "showLogin"])->middleware("guest");
Route::get("/register", [AuthController::class, "showRegister"])->middleware("guest");

// Rate limiting
Route::post("/api/data", [ApiController::class, "store"])
     ->middleware("throttle:60,1"); // 60 req/minute

// Common Built-in Middleware:
// auth — Authenticated user
// auth:sanctum — API token auth
// guest — Non-authenticated
// verified — Email verified
// throttle:n,m — Rate limit n requests per m minutes
// signed — Signed URL
// can:permission— Authorization
?>

<?php
// यह एक line = 7 routes!
Route::resource("products", ProductController::class);

// Specific routes only
Route::resource("products", ProductController::class)->only(["index", "show"]);
Route::resource("products", ProductController::class)->except(["destroy"]);

// API resource — no create/edit (no HTML forms)
Route::apiResource("products", ProductController::class);

// Multiple resources
Route::resources([
  "products" => ProductController::class,
  "orders" => OrderController::class,
  "users" => UserController::class,
]);
?>

<?php
use App\Models\Product;

// Implicit Binding — type hint लगाओ, Laravel fetch करेगा
Route::get("/products/{product}", function(Product $product) {
  return $product; // JSON response
}); // /products/42 → Product id=42 fetch, 404 अगर नहीं मिला

// Controller में भी same
Route::get("/products/{product}", [ProductController::class, "show"]);
// Controller method:
// public function show(Product $product) { return $product; }

// Slug से bind करना — id की जगह slug
Route::get("/blog/{post:slug}", function(Post $post) {
  return $post;
}); // /blog/laravel-tutorial → slug='laravel-tutorial' से fetch

// Model में getRouteKeyName() define करके
// class Post extends Model {
// public function getRouteKeyName() { return "slug"; }
// }
?>