Laravel Controllers
Complete Guide in Hindi

# Basic controller
php artisan make:controller ProductController

# Resource controller — 7 CRUD methods auto-generate
php artisan make:controller ProductController --resource

# Resource + Model bind
php artisan make:controller ProductController --resource --model=Product

# Invokable — single action
php artisan make:controller SendWelcomeEmail --invokable

# API resource — no create/edit methods
php artisan make:controller Api/ProductController --api

# Nested folder
php artisan make:controller Admin/ProductController --resource
# → app/Http/Controllers/Admin/ProductController.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Models\Product;

class ProductController extends Controller {

  // GET /products
  public function index() {
    $products = Product::all();
    return view("products.index", compact("products"));
  }

  // GET /products/{id}
  public function show(int $id) {
    $product = Product::findOrFail($id);
    return view("products.show", compact("product"));
  }

  // Custom method
  public function featured() {
    $products = Product::where("featured", true)->get();
    return view("products.featured", compact("products"));
  }
}
?>

<?php
class ExampleController extends Controller {

  // View return
  public function page() {
    return view("welcome", ["title" => "Home"]);
  }

  // JSON response (API)
  public function api() {
    return response()->json([
      "success" => true,
      "data" => Product::all(),
    ]);
  }

  // Redirect
  public function goHome() {
    return redirect()->route("home");
  }

  // Redirect with flash message
  public function store() {
    // ... save logic
    return redirect()->route("products.index")
                ->with("success", "✅ Product saved!");
  }

  // Download file
  public function download() {
    return response()->download(storage_path("app/report.pdf"));
  }
}
?>

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\Product;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
use Illuminate\View\View;

class ProductController extends Controller {

  // 1. GET /products — List all
  public function index(): View {
    $products = Product::latest()->paginate(15);
    return view("products.index", compact("products"));
  }

  // 2. GET /products/create — Show create form
  public function create(): View {
    return view("products.create");
  }

  // 3. POST /products — Save new product
  public function store(Request $request): RedirectResponse {
    $validated = $request->validate([
      "naam" => "required|string|max:255",
      "price" => "required|numeric|min:0",
      "stock" => "required|integer|min:0",
    ]);
    Product::create($validated);
    return redirect()->route("products.index")
                ->with("success", "Product created!");
  }

  // 4. GET /products/{product} — Show single
  public function show(Product $product): View { // Route Model Binding
    return view("products.show", compact("product"));
  }

  // 5. GET /products/{product}/edit — Show edit form
  public function edit(Product $product): View {
    return view("products.edit", compact("product"));
  }

  // 6. PUT /products/{product} — Update
  public function update(Request $request, Product $product): RedirectResponse {
    $validated = $request->validate([
      "naam" => "required|string|max:255",
      "price" => "required|numeric|min:0",
    ]);
    $product->update($validated);
    return redirect()->route("products.show", $product)
                ->with("success", "Product updated!");
  }

  // 7. DELETE /products/{product} — Delete
  public function destroy(Product $product): RedirectResponse {
    $product->delete();
    return redirect()->route("products.index")
                ->with("success", "Product deleted!");
  }
}
?>

<?php

// app/Http/Controllers/SendWelcomeEmail.php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\User;
use App\Mail\WelcomeMail;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;

class SendWelcomeEmail extends Controller {

  public function __invoke(User $user) {
    Mail::to($user->email)->send(new WelcomeMail($user));
    return redirect()->back()->with("success", "Email sent!");
  }
}

// routes/web.php — method name की ज़रूरत नहीं
Route::post("/users/{user}/welcome-email", SendWelcomeEmail::class);
?>

<?php

// Constructor Injection — हर method में available
class OrderController extends Controller {

  public function __construct(
    private readonly OrderService $orderService,
    private readonly PaymentService $paymentService,
  ) {}

  public function store(Request $request) {
    $order = $this->orderService->create($request->validated());
    $this->paymentService->charge($order);
    return redirect()->route("orders.show", $order);
  }
}

// Method Injection — specific method में
class ReportController extends Controller {

  public function generate(
    Request $request, // HTTP Request
    ReportService $service, // Auto-injected
    int $year, // Route parameter
  ) {
    $report = $service->generateAnnual($year);
    return view("reports.annual", compact("report"));
  }
}
?>

<?php
public function store(Request $request) {

  // Input values
  $naam = $request->input("naam"); // GET + POST दोनों
  $price = $request->input("price", 0); // Default value
  $naam = $request->naam; // Magic property
  $naam = $request->naam(); // Method access

  // All input
  $all = $request->all(); // All inputs array
  $only = $request->only(["naam", "price"]); // Specific fields
  $excl = $request->except(["_token"]); // Exclude fields

  // Check methods
  $request->has("naam"); // key exist करता है?
  $request->filled("naam"); // exist + non-empty?
  $request->missing("email"); // missing है?
  $request->boolean("active"); // "1","true","on" → true
  $request->integer("qty"); // Integer cast
  $request->float("price"); // Float cast

  // HTTP info
  $request->method(); // "GET", "POST"
  $request->isMethod("post"); // true/false
  $request->url(); // Full URL
  $request->path(); // /products/create
  $request->ip(); // User IP
  $request->userAgent(); // Browser info
  $request->wantsJson(); // API request?

  // File upload
  $file = $request->file("photo");
  $path = $file->store("photos", "public");
}
?>

php artisan make:request StoreProductRequest
php artisan make:request UpdateProductRequest

<?php

namespace App\Http\Requests;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

class StoreProductRequest extends FormRequest {

  // Permission check — कौन create कर सकता है?
  public function authorize(): bool {
    return $this->user()->can("create", Product::class);
    // return true; // सब allow
  }

  // Validation rules
  public function rules(): array {
    return [
      "naam" => "required|string|max:255",
      "slug" => "required|string|unique:products,slug",
      "price" => "required|numeric|min:0",
      "stock" => "required|integer|min:0",
      "category_id" => "required|exists:categories,id",
      "image" => "nullable|image|mimes:jpg,png,webp|max:2048",
      "description" => "nullable|string|max:5000",
    ];
  }

  // Custom error messages (optional)
  public function messages(): array {
    return [
      "naam.required" => "Product का नाम ज़रूरी है।",
      "price.required" => "Price enter करें।",
      "category_id.exists" => "Valid category select करें।",
      "image.max" => "Image 2MB से छोटी होनी चाहिए।",
    ];
  }

  // Input prepare करना (optional)
  protected function prepareForValidation(): void {
    $this->merge([
      "slug" => str($this->naam)->slug(), // naam से slug auto-generate
    ]);
  }
}
?>

<?php
use App\Http\Requests\StoreProductRequest;
use App\Http\Requests\UpdateProductRequest;

class ProductController extends Controller {

  public function store(StoreProductRequest $request) {
    // Validation automatic! Failed → redirect back with errors
    // $request->validated() — only validated fields
    // $request->safe() — safe access
    Product::create($request->validated());
    return redirect()->route("products.index")->with("success", "Created!");
  }

  public function update(UpdateProductRequest $request, Product $product) {
    $product->update($request->validated());
    return redirect()->route("products.show", $product)->with("success", "Updated!");
  }
}
?>

<?php

// Laravel 10 और पुराने — Constructor में
class ProductController extends Controller {

  public function __construct() {
    $this->middleware("auth"); // All methods
    $this->middleware("admin")->only(["create", "store", "destroy"]);
    $this->middleware("log")->except(["index", "show"]);
  }
}

// Laravel 11 — static middleware() method
class ProductController extends Controller {

  public static function middleware(): array {
    return [
      "auth", // All methods
      new Middleware("admin", only: ["create", "store", "destroy"]),
      new Middleware("verified", except: ["index", "show"]),
    ];
  }
}
?>