Laravel क्या है?
Introduction & Installation in Hindi

// 1. User browser में URL type करता है
// GET /products

// 2. routes/web.php — Route match होती है
Route::get("/products", [ProductController::class, "index"]);

// 3. app/Http/Controllers/ProductController.php
public function index() {
  $products = Product::all(); // Model — DB से data
  return view("products.index", compact("products")); // View
}

// 4. resources/views/products/index.blade.php
// @foreach($products as $product) ... @endforeach

// 5. User को HTML response मिलती है

# Check composer installed है?
composer --version

# Download from https://getcomposer.org/
# Mac/Linux:
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

# Verify
composer --version # Composer 2.x.x

# Method 1 — Laravel Installer (recommended)
composer global require laravel/installer
laravel new myapp

# Method 2 — Composer create-project
composer create-project laravel/laravel myapp

# Latest version specify
composer create-project laravel/laravel myapp "^11.0"

# laravel new के बाद options आते हैं:
# ┌ Would you like to install a starter kit?
# │ ● No starter kit
# │ ○ Laravel Breeze
# │ ○ Laravel Jetstream
# └ (Select with arrows, Enter to confirm)

# Project folder में जाओ
cd myapp

# .env file configure करो
cp .env.example .env

# Application key generate करो
php artisan key:generate

# Storage link बनाओ (file uploads के लिए)
php artisan storage:link

# Development server start करो
php artisan serve
# → http://127.0.0.1:8000

# Help — सब commands देखो
php artisan list
php artisan help make:model

# Development Server
php artisan serve # http://127.0.0.1:8000
php artisan serve --port=8080 # Custom port

# Code Generation
php artisan make:model Product # Model
php artisan make:model Product -m # Model + Migration
php artisan make:model Product -mcr # Model + Migration + Controller + Resource
php artisan make:controller ProductController
php artisan make:controller ProductController --resource # CRUD methods
php artisan make:migration create_products_table
php artisan make:seeder ProductSeeder
php artisan make:factory ProductFactory
php artisan make:request StoreProductRequest # Form Request
php artisan make:middleware CheckAdmin
php artisan make:mail WelcomeMail
php artisan make:job SendEmailJob
php artisan make:event UserRegistered

# Database
php artisan migrate # Run migrations
php artisan migrate:fresh # Drop + re-migrate
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed # Fresh + seed data
php artisan db:seed # Run seeders

# Cache
php artisan config:clear # Config cache clear
php artisan cache:clear # App cache clear
php artisan route:clear # Route cache clear
php artisan view:clear # View cache clear
php artisan optimize:clear # All clear

# Tinker — Interactive PHP REPL
php artisan tinker
# >>> User::all();
# >>> User::factory()->create();

# Application
APP_NAME=MyApp
APP_ENV=local # local | staging | production
APP_KEY=base64:... # php artisan key:generate से
APP_DEBUG=true # Production में false करो
APP_URL=http://localhost

# Database
DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=myapp
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=

# Cache & Sessions
CACHE_DRIVER=file # file | redis | memcached
SESSION_DRIVER=file # file | database | redis
QUEUE_CONNECTION=sync # sync | database | redis

# Mail
MAIL_MAILER=smtp
MAIL_HOST=smtp.gmail.com
MAIL_PORT=587
MAIL_USERNAME=your@email.com
MAIL_PASSWORD=yourpassword
MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS=your@email.com
MAIL_FROM_NAME="${APP_NAME}"

<?php
// env() helper से
env("APP_NAME"); // "MyApp"
env("DB_HOST", "localhost"); // Default value

// config() helper से (better way)
config("app.name"); // "MyApp"
config("database.default"); // "mysql"
?>

<?php

// routes/web.php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

// Simple text response
Route::get("/", function () {
  return "🚀 Welcome to Laravel!";
});

// JSON response
Route::get("/api-test", function () {
  return response()->json([
    "success" => true,
    "message" => "Laravel working!",
    "version" => app()->version(),
  ]);
});

// View return करना
Route::get("/home", function () {
  return view("welcome"); // resources/views/welcome.blade.php
});

// Route with variable
Route::get("/hello/{naam}", function (string $naam) {
  return "नमस्ते, $naam!";
});
// Visit: /hello/Rahul → "नमस्ते, Rahul!"
?>

# Basic server — http://127.0.0.1:8000
php artisan serve

# Custom host और port
php artisan serve --host=0.0.0.0 --port=8080

# Frontend assets (Vite) — npm run dev
npm install
npm run dev

# दोनों साथ चलाना (2 terminals)
# Terminal 1:
php artisan serve
# Terminal 2:
npm run dev

# Routes list देखना
php artisan route:list
php artisan route:list --path=api # API routes only